By Luca Rossi

Pres. - Intelligent Devices Group, Lenovo

 1. Work-from-home becomes work-from-anywhere 

Last year we predicted the work-from-home phenomenon would accelerate. We have been focused on mobility, user and customer experience over the last few years, as we expected the momentum around distributed workforces to continue to build. But in the future, we will become smarter and more flexible about it. We see remote work becoming hybrid and work-from-home becoming work-from-anywhere as people and companies continue to think beyond the office. Lenovo's research shows that 83% of IT leaders expect at least half of work in the future to happen outside a traditional office. As the next reality continues to take shape, technology will play a pivotal role in creating efficiencies and opportunities that transform our work and our lives, including:

We will see more products, solutions, and services designed for the employee experience, considering the office as a destination for collaboration while protecting the sense of personal space people have experienced working from home. New office designs and audio/video technology will pave the way for flexible meeting setups and new ways to build social connections.

Artificial intelligence (AI) will continue to benefit us, although we predict that its ability to remove background noises like barking dogs, ambulance sirens, and the neighbor's lawnmower during video calls may be among its lesser-known contributions to the future of collaboration.

Augmented reality (AR) will create immersive workplaces for employees no matter where they are, with innovations such as ThinkReality A3 Smart Glasses that create interactive training experiences, multi-screen environments, and enhanced productivity.

Other emerging technologies, such as virtual reality (VR), natural language processing, spatial audio, sensors, world-facing cameras, and Lenovo's smart collaboration suite of tools, will continue to change how employees interact with technology and one another. This will transform the concept of "workplace" and "workforce" in ways that allow employees to integrate seamlessly and succeed as one.

More companies will shift spending to improve IT infrastructure. They will lean on outsourced and managed services increasingly secured through Device-as-a-Service (DaaS) IT acquisition models to support their teams as they try to keep up with digital transformation and increased demands. This will give rise to consumption-driven pay-as-you-go options for solutions that allow customers to focus on business outcomes while shifting the system-level support to a vendor or cloud service provider. Last year, we predicted that DaaS would grow based on cost savings, but this year, we see reducing complexity as the top driver for as-a-service and managed service model adoption. 

2. Go ahead, forget your passwords 

We have moved from everyone using their favorite passwords to every app forcing frequent password updates — which no one remembers. Soon, however, a world without inherently vulnerable passwords will somewhat paradoxically keep us safer and our data more secure. After all, for passwords to be effective, they must be kept secret, yet for them to be used, they must be shared. If there are no alphanumeric strings to create, remember, hold tight, and recreate regularly, then they cannot be stolen through phishing or in transit on the internet. They can't be bought and sold, and giant repositories of them can't be hacked. Further risk due to password sharing, reuse, and human error will disappear, as well.

Instead, seamless authentication will be driven by AI and improved sensor technology. Near-term, public key infrastructure (PKI)-based device security, like those used today to access our mobile banking applications, and multifactor authentication (MFA), will continue to shrink reliance on passwords for application and device access. Fingerprint, face, iris, and voice authentication biometrics will do the security work instead. Taking a pass on conventional passwords will become one of the safest things we can do.

3. Tech for good 

As customers urge businesses for more sustainable products and practices, we see technology providing a smarter way forward, helping companies build a better future for their stakeholders — and that includes the biggest stakeholder of all: our planet.

Recyclable materials — including plastics, fibers, and metals; those that can self-decompose like bioplastics; and those from more renewable sources such as bamboo — will become more readily available for product development. This will enable companies to move closer to closing the loop on the product lifecycle. Recycling and supply chain optimization will become more commonplace. The rise in sustainable materials will also minimize the need for chemicals in the manufacturing process and help bring manufacturers closer to carbon neutral. The role of the IT provider will continue to transform as we build in services and solutions that help our customers offset the environmental impact of their technology and support them in reaching their own sustainability goals.

We also see new technologies, like AR/VR glasses, helping to reduce carbon footprints over time. With new capabilities that will allow remote workers to be immersed into another site or location — reducing travel and giving carbon savings — we also expect near-eye displays and head-worn sensors to help the differently-abled. Using a combination of adjustable optics and magnification can help nearsighted people interact with their PCs and smartphones more comfortably. These displays will also react to voice and motion sensors that will allow interaction without the need for any motor skills. Separately, with the rise of flexible work, we expect to see technology enabling major shifts in how and where people live, work and engage with their communities. Knowledge workers once tethered to large cities will be able to work from anywhere. Companies also have the opportunity to rethink and expand their corporate citizenship efforts by providing resources and time to employees inclined to work and give back in remote locations.

4. Monitors are (finally) having a moment 

Monitors are finally getting the attention they deserve. In fact, the monitor will soon have all the features necessary to be the next central hub for the office and home (not to mention the home office).

Through cutting-edge hardware and intuitive software solutions embedded into a display, users will be able to seamlessly multitask through single and multi-display window controls. At the same time, monitors will offer easy remote asset management for IT managers and customer service representatives.

And, with 5G or Wi-Fi 6, the future of monitors — with higher resolution, new aspect ratios, and built-in tech to reduce eye strain — will be faster, wireless, reducing desktop mess and offering new possibilities for a thinner, more compact design. This is especially important as people increase the number of monitors they use. Monitors will also complement additional form factors beyond PCs and extend functionality to support devices, such as smartphones and gaming consoles. 

5. Fold them and hold them 

As we begin to rely on monitors even more as part of our work-from-anywhere setups, portable and foldable options will become more ubiquitous, allowing us to set up shop almost anywhere we want. The promise of OLED technology makes it easy to fold, bend, or roll a screen so that it's portable and convenient.

While we have seen some promising applications of the technology over the last year, as we noted in 2021, we would, we now expect the market to explode, with some analysts predicting 500% growth in the flexible display market over the next five years.

Mobile devices will continue to fuel the trend, but we will see flexible displays come to other devices as demand lowers the price point. Expect more flexible display options across smartphones, tablets, PCs, and laptops, as well as new applications on digital signage, public transport, and smart home appliances.

6. Inputs get more intuitive

When computers were developed, everything was new and revolutionary: operating systems, monitors, mice, etc. Each opened up new opportunities and possibilities that most had not considered before. Except one thing wasn't new and, in fact, hasn't evolved that much at all: The keyboard remains the primary input method. 

Alternative methods of input, however, are finally catching up. We will soon see more than an evolution, but a transformation in computing inputs not only in their form but in their function, with more touch-intuitive interfaces; pens complete with haptic feedback for more tactile experiences; and voice-to-text features becoming defining characteristics of the new "keyboard."

Even more revolutionary, in some cases, keyboards, as we know them, will disappear entirely. And in many cases, keyboards won't be necessary anymore as advanced on-screen keyboards (OSK) with haptic capabilities and predictive artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) become more mainstream. Soon we will see AI learning the user and crafting text and communications with just a few keywords as inputs. These redefining characteristics will unleash new ways to communicate, collaborate, and create across disciplines, from business to education and beyond. This will allow our mind, and the speed at which it works, to be the conduit through the way we express our ideas — not just our fingers and the words-per-minute they can type.

7. Health is wealth 

For the past two years, we have been predicting the accelerated use of telehealth. We got that right. If anything, the implementation of telehealth options has moved forward at warp speed due to the pandemic. What was missing then and what's new now is the growing acceptance by both consumers and healthcare professionals of these options. Patients and healthcare professionals are no longer as hesitant in using telehealth — they are embracing it. That is why we expect to see the healthcare landscape continuing to move toward a digital model, especially as wearables, voice assistants, and increased connectivity become the norm. Health insurance will get more affordable, predictive models will allow for preventive medicine, and proactive recommendations from wearable devices will lead to better health outcomes.

As patients adopt these technologies, health care professionals, assisted by AI, also will be able to provide personalized, virtual assistance to patients — and provide it with more accuracy and better outcomes. We'll begin to see virtual care penetrating remote inpatient hospital rounding care and remote home-based care. This will enhance patient access and make it easier to monitor their vitals, improve their compliance, and educate them on health and lifestyle issues. Healthcare workers will benefit, as well, with more efficient clinical workflows, evaluation tools, and workstation solutions. 

Finally, progress in AI technology development will drive a more personalized healthcare experience by advancing precision medicine and targeted drugs. In pharmaceuticals, for example, researchers can better target drug therapies by applying AI analytics to genomic sequencing, medical sensors, electronic health records (EHR), and other data from individuals with the same diagnosis. This will allow healthcare professionals to identify subsets of patients with similar genetic defects and, in turn, improve outcomes by developing drugs specific to these patients' needs.

8. Ambient computing surrounds us all 

The IoT will continue to mature as device manufacturers refine user inputs. Natural language processing (NLP) and multi-lens enrichment will change the user experience as we know it. Multiple devices will respond, in concert, with one voice query. And, as sensors improve, experiences will become richer with more opportunities to interact with the device and accomplish old tasks in new ways — like scrolling, selecting, or providing feedback to the device.

As the user interface changes, our device interactions will automatically become both more natural and more secure. And, as adoption grows, we will start to see more "connected" endpoints from the connected car to the connected city and beyond.

Last year we predicted that 5G would continue to transform personal computing. We are doubling down on that prediction as connectivity like 5G and Wi-Fi technologies enable even faster connection speeds, so we can load the system without slowing it down. And nanotechnologies will allow device manufacturers to pack incredibly nimble antennas into new products to deliver connected products with better performance in smaller form factors.

9. Bigger and better entertainment experiences 

As real-time rendering begins to hit the benchmark for photorealism (which is already happening), we expect new forms of interactive movies to appear where the user can choose to be part of the story and experience it from a first-person perspective. Currently, this is found in high-budget PC games, where the experience is cinematic, and the user makes choices that impact the narrative. Expect more in the passive-to-interactive entertainment arena soon.

As immersive content moves to the small screen, we will also see the rise of affordable wearable displays to extend the PC and mobile phone experience. Not only will the displays deliver a larger screen experience as compared to a mobile phone, but users will enjoy private viewing in public. This will be the first step toward advancing the metaverse.

We also expect rollable or flexible monitors to change where and how we enjoy consumer entertainment. In the far future, we'll likely see the emergence of rollable "pop-up" monitors that offer unparalleled viewing for any space — from train to work and beyond. Users will pull the display out when needed and roll the device back into storage when it's not in use. The monitors of the future will host productivity and remote collaboration, but also further serve as a center of entertainment, gaming, and connecting with loved ones with the highest quality audio and video.

But wait, there's more. We can look forward to becoming a less passive part of entertainment experiences, as TV talk shows to the latest dramedy may unfold — or seem to, anyway — in our own homes. Mixed-reality experiences like this will bloom.

10. Immersive gaming 

Last but not least, much like general entertainment, we expect the gaming experience to become even more immersive. More portable displays and operating systems are hitting their stride with improved performance and affordability.

Recent advancements in connectivity will enable high-fidelity, low-latency graphics for more realistic gameplay that can mirror physical movements when played through a headset. This is the latest sector to cut the cord, but it will not be the last. As AR becomes more mature, players will begin to experience gaming content within their environments. Imagine playing tennis on a real court but from your living room. As the metaverse experience continues to expand, we foresee a big boom in gaming, socialization, and shopping through this platform with more sophisticated software libraries that bring all three conveniently together in one place for more enjoyable gaming experiences.

Be patient, though. While we make progress toward these capabilities over the coming 12 months, it will still be a few years until we can confidently predict that any of them are finally on the horizon.  

Written By 

George  Teetteh Hadjor

MSc Info. Sec.   Msc Tech Mgt & Entrep.

CISM, CRISC, CISA

Introduction

This research explores the potential of the Ghanaian youth (considered by this study to be between the ages of 15 – 35 years) to successfully perform in entrepreneurship or entrepreneurial activities, by examining the predictor factors of Willingness, Capability and Entrepreneurial Experience and their use in the development of an Entrepreneurial Potential construct. 

It follows a quantitative paradigm to survey 457 Ghanaian youth, with various experiential, social, and educational backgrounds and utilizes relevant contextual questionnaire items to develop relative scores for each of the above predictor factors. Based on these factors, an Entrepreneurial Potential score is computed.  

The study provides evidence to suggest that, the Ghanaian youth’s Entrepreneurial Potential is primarily influenced by their Capability ( with a Spearman’s Rho Correlation Coefficient of 0.894), in the form of nine key ability and behavioural characteristics, (usually associated with successful entrepreneurs) that they may possess. It is next influenced by a combination of relevant contextual experiences: personal, social network, educational & work (with a Spearman’s Rho Correlation Coefficient of 0.631) that they may have been exposed to and then, thirdly by their willingness to engage in entrepreneurship (with a Spearman’s Rho Correlation Coefficient of 0.369), which this study has found to be high at 77%, for the population sampled. 

The results also show that, as opposed to work carried by Bonev et al (2009) for example, educational level (i.e. graduate vs non-graduate) does not have any statistically significant influence on the Ghanaian youth’s Entrepreneurial Potential (P-Value = 0.367), with the male gender holding only a slim advantage over their female counterpart (P-value = 0.049, Median Entrepreneurial Potential: [Male = 9.45, Female  = 9.21]). Married youth, however, show a greater potential to succeed at entrepreneurship in the future (P-Value < 0.001, Median Entrepreneurial Potential: [Married = 9.89 , Unmarried = 9.23]), same as youth who choose entrepreneurship over employment as their preferred option for making a living (P-Value < 0.001, Median Entrepreneurial Potential: [Entrepreneurship = 9.54, Employment = 8.81]). Even though the programme studied in school (in the categories: “Business/Management”, “Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics” or “Other Courses) does not hold sway on the Ghanaian youth’s Entrepreneurial Potential (P-Value = 0.887), it does influence their willingness to engage in entrepreneurship (P-Value = 0.015), as well as count positively towards their educational experiences (P-Value  < 0.001).  

In developing a concept to objectively and comprehensively capture the somewhat elusive characteristic called Entrepreneurial Potential, this study has provided a basis for identifying high potential Ghanaian youth, who can be earnestly trained and seed-funded, using limited public funds, to successfully set up and run entrepreneurial ventures, as a mitigation strategy to deal with the teeming unemployment problem in the country.  

1.             Entrepreneurial Potential 

Entrepreneurial Potential has been conceptualized from the three predictor factors of Willingness, Capability, and Entrepreneurial Experience and the evidence reveals that Entrepreneurial Potential has a strong correlation with the factor’s Capability and Entrepreneurial Experience but a weak correlation with Willingness to engage in entrepreneurship. It is computed from the relative scores of these predictor variables with minimum, maximum, and median values shown in Table 4.17. Entrepreneurial Potential shows a statistically significant difference as a result of the factors: Gender, age range (15-24, 25-35 years), marital status (married/unmarried), livelihood preference (entrepreneurship/employment), year of graduation [2004-2008, 2009-2013, 2014-2018] and School-to-Work Transition categories [Transited, In-Transition, Not-yet-Transited]. 

2.             Willingness 

The Willingness of the Ghanaian youth to engage in entrepreneurship is averagely strong, with the minimum, maximum and median values of relative scores for Willingness shown in Table 4.17. This is evidenced by their preference for entrepreneurship (which is in the majority as 77% of the 457-youth sampled prefer a life of entrepreneurship against employment) as well as having on the average held almost five years’ interest in entrepreneurship. Altogether, however, this willingness to engage in entrepreneurship has a low influence on their Entrepreneurial Potential to become entrepreneurs by a factor 0.369. The Ghanaian youth’s willingness to engage in entrepreneurship exhibits a statistically significant difference as a result of the factors: marital status [married/unmarried], livelihood preference [entrepreneurship/employment], year of graduation [2004-2008, 2009-2013, 2014-2018], programme of study [STEM, Business/Management, Other Courses].  

3.             Capability 

With regards to the Capability of Ghanaian youth i.e., the exhibition of the requisite abilities and behaviours that count towards their entrepreneurship potential, almost all the respondents display strong abilities and behaviours. The abilities that are identified from literature which prove to have a strong internal consistency towards the Capability predictor factor are imagination, networking, leading, and persuading. Five behaviours are also identified to count towards the factor Capability, and these include being Curious, Proactive, Perseverant, Confident, and Flexible behaviours. The internal consistency of the Capability predictor variable, which is developed from the four abilities and five behaviours, is very high at a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.951. This means all the questions asked truly to represent or reflect what the concept Capability is and stands for.   

Capability also has the strongest influence on the Ghanaian’s youth’s Entrepreneurial Potential at over 0.894, hence a need to put in measures to develop and strengthen these entrepreneurial abilities and behaviours to facilitate their performance at entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial activities in the future. The individual Capability sub-factors also mostly have an above-average influence on the Ghanaian youth’s Entrepreneurial Potential with Confident Behaviour been the standout sub-factor among the nine, at a correlation coefficient of 0.715. There is no statistically significant difference in Entrepreneurial Capacity as a result of any of the factors: gender(male/female), age range (15-24, 25-35 years), marital status(married/unmarried), educational level(graduate/non-graduate), livelihood preference(entrepreneurship/employment), year of graduation [2004-2008, 2009-2013, 2014-2018] and programme of study [STEM, Business/Management, Other Courses]. 

4.             Entrepreneurial Experience 

The results also show that the Ghanaian youth (i.e., 457 persons, with an average age of 25.6 years) generally has a lot of the relevant contextual experiences (be it personal, social network, education, or work) that counts positively towards their capacity to perform at entrepreneurship in the future, which is in part reflected by their high preference (77%) for entrepreneurship as a sustainable means of livelihood.  

These experiences include being a member of multiple groups or associations that helps them to expand on their opportunities and connect to resourceful persons in these groups. They are part of at least three groups, networks, or associations, and hold at least two leadership, executive or other important roles altogether in these groups. Their frequency in group or network meetings, which is on average fourteen times a year, helps to foster their social connections and opens up opportunities for them. Most have held onto a long-standing hobby or skill for about eight years and have been receiving some form of mentoring or at least have had a role model they look up to, for the past six years. When it comes to the world of work, the group sampled have received at least 3.3 years of employment and functioned for about 2.7 years as an entrepreneur or in self-employment, in one capacity or the other. Most have been exposed to entrepreneurship for over five years and have created or started at least one venture that was run for a least two years.  

All these experiences relevant to entrepreneurship have been shown (through the conceptual model development) to have a relatively good correlation with their Entrepreneurial Potential by a factor of 0.631. Dissecting these experiences, however, the individual experiences have a low correlation with Entrepreneurial Potential with Work Experience the highest among the lot at 0.489, followed by Social Network Experience at 0.454, Personal Experience at 0.424 and Educational Experience at 0.356. Taken together, the Entrepreneurial Experience (Personal, Social Network, Educational, Work) exhibits a statistically significant difference across different age ranges (15-24 and 25-35 years), marital status(married/unmarried), livelihood preference(entrepreneurship/employment), year of graduation [2004-2008, 2009-2013, 2014-2018] and School-to-Work Transition categories [Transited, In-Transition, Not-Yet-Transited].